Xiaomi 1S: How to update the scooter without errors in 2026

The Xiaomi Mi Electric Scooter 1S remains one of the most popular vehicles in the city, but over time its factory software may become obsolete or malfunction.Scooter firmware is not only a way to get new features (like increased top speed or improved energy efficiency), but also a need to fix critical security bugs. However, improper actions during an upgrade can turn your 1S into a “brick” – a device that won’t even turn on.

In this guide, we will analyze all the current ways of firmware for Xiaomi 1S (including index models M365 and Pro), from official updates via the Mi Home app to manual changes via the STM32-We'll focus on the common bugs (e.g., Error 10 or Bootloader Lock) that 80 percent of users experience on their first try, and how to get around them. If you've never done a firmware electronics before, don't worry: the steps are designed to make it work for even a beginner.

Preparation for firmware: what to do before the start

Before you start updating the software, be sure to follow 4 key steps:

• 🔋 Charge the scooter to 100%. Firmware with low battery charge (less than) 50%) It can be interrupted, causing damage to the controller (5V/2A).
• 📱 Update the Mi Home app to the latest version in the App Store or Google Play.Older versions often don't see new firmware.

If you plan to use custom firmware (such as CFW or ScooterHacking Utility), download:

• 🖥️ Firmware archive (check compatibility with your fee review — 1S v1.5 or v2.1).
• 🛠️ Programme STM32 CubeProgrammer (for Windows) or dfu-util (for Windows) Linux/Mac).
• 🔍 Drivers for ST-Link (if you use an adapter).

⚠️ Attention: Firmware through STM32 If the scooter is guaranteed, it can cause a service failure.

Home > Mi Home > The Most Secure Way

The method is suitable for most users, as it does not require disassembly of the scooter or the use of additional equipment. The main advantage is that there is a minimum risk of “bricking” and maintaining a warranty. However, official firmware often limits the maximum speed (up to 25 km / h) and does not add advanced features.

Step-by-step:

1. Turn on the scooter and connect to its Wi-Fi (the network will be called MiScooter-XXXX, the password - on the sticker under the lid).
2. Open the Mi Home app, select your scooter and go to Settings → Firmware Update.
3. If the update is available, click Download and install. It takes 5-10 minutes.
4. Once complete, the scooter will restart. Don't turn it off from power until it's fully powered.

If the app doesn’t find updates, try:

• 🌍 Change the region in Mi Home to Europe or China (in your account settings).
• 📶 Connect to another Wi-Fi network (sometimes corporate networks block Xiaomi servers).
• 🔄 Reboot the scooter (hold the power button for 10 seconds).

⚠️ Warning: If the scooter starts to behave unstable after the update (twitches when accelerating, incorrectly shows the charge), reset the settings: press the power button and brake lever for 5 seconds. This will return factory parameters without losing firmware.

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Official firmware via Mi Home is the only way that does not void the Xiaomi warranty.

Manual firmware via STM32: for experienced users

This method allows custom firmware (such as ScooterHacking’s CFW) to be installed, which removes the speed limit (up to 30–35 km/h), adds Cruise Control and advanced telemetry, but requires disassembling the scooter and working with a soldering iron or an ST-Link adapter.

What you need:

Screwdriver. T8 lid-off|Stolen iron (power) 30–40 Watts or tweezers|STM32-adapter (ST-Link) V2 clone)|DuPont wires (mom-mom-mom)|Laptop with Windows/Linux and administrator rights-->

Step-by-step:

1. Disassemble the scooter: remove the bottom cover (4 screws T8), disconnect the battery (unscrew 2 screws on the connector).
2. Find the controller: This is a board labeled STM32F103C8T6 (usually to the right of the battery).
3. Connect ST-Link: 3.3V → 3.3V on the GND → GND SWDIO → PA13 (Contact 37 on the chip) SWCLK → PA14 (Contact 38)

STM32 CubeProgrammer

:

.bin

.hex

Download

Verification OK

Critical detail: If you use third-party firmware, check it on forums (like 4PDA or Xiaomi Today). Some builds contain errors in the engine control algorithm, which can lead to overheating of the controller.

Typical Firmware Errors and How to Fix Them

Even when following the instructions, users often encounter problems, and here are the most common mistakes and solutions:

If the scooter after the firmware:

• 🔥 Overheating. → Return to the official firmware, check the heat conductive paste on the controller.
• ⚡ It's discharged fast. → Reset battery calibration: discharge to 0%, then charge to 100% without interruptions.
• 🛑 No driving or twitching. → Check the connection of the Hall sensor (may depart during disassembly).

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If after firmware scooter began to behave inadequately (for example, spontaneously brakes), try to roll back on the previous version of the software. Often bugs appear in fresh builds and are corrected in the next updates.

Castom firmware: pros and cons

Third-party firmware (e.g., CFW, ScooterHacking Utility, or M365 DownG) provides access to advanced features, but also has serious disadvantages.

Popular custom firmware for Xiaomi 1S:

• 🚀 CFW by ScooterHacking – the most stable, supportive 1S v1.5 and v2.1, There is a Russian-speaking community.
• ⚡ M365 DownG – Optimized for speed and braking distance, but can heat the controller.
• 🛠️ Custom Scooter Firmware (CSF) — Modular firmware with setting of each parameter through JSON-file.

⚠️ Cluster firmware often disables the protection against overheating of the motor and controller. If you drive in hot weather or with a weight close to the maximum (100 kg), the risk of failure of electronics increases 3-4 times.

Firmware via Bluetooth (alternative method)

If you don't have an ST-Link, but you want to install custom firmware, you can use a Bluetooth adapter (like the HM-10) and the ScooterHacking Utility app for Android, which is less reliable than the STM32, but doesn't require a scooter to be disassembled.

Step-by-step:

1. Connect the HM-10 to the UART port on the controller (TX, RX, GND contacts).
2. Install ScooterHacking Utility on your phone and connect to the HM-10 module via Bluetooth.
3. In the application, select Flash Firmware, download the firmware file and wait for completion.

Cons of the method:

• ❌ Slower than STM32 (breakage).
• ❌ Not all firmware supports Bluetooth installation.
• ❌ Requires a precise connection TX/RX (Confused wires can burn the port).

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Bluetooth firmware is only suitable for advanced users, as it requires accurate soldering and stable connection.

How to Get Back the Original Firmware

If you've been experimenting with custom firmware, you can roll back to the factory version.

1. Download the original firmware for your 1S revision (e.g. 1.5.4.bin) from Xiaomi’s website or 4PDA forum.
2. Connect to the controller via ST-Link (as in the manual firmware section).
3. In STM32 CubeProgrammer, select the Full chip erase option before recording.
4. Download the file and wait until it's finished, and the scooter will return to the factory settings.

If after the rollback:

• 🔄 Scooter not switched on → Check the power of the controller (possibly the battery connector has departed).
• 📵 Not connected to Mi Home → Reset Bluetooth settings: Press the power button and brake button for 10 seconds.

FAQ: Answers to Frequent Questions